NURS FPX 6026 Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

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Capella University

NURS-FPX 6026 Biopsychosocial Concepts for Advanced Nursing Practice 2

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Date

Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Population

Tobacco use is one of the major health concerns due to addiction that leads to various health problems which may also result in death. This health issue requires inter-professional team management based on evidence-based practices and patient-centered approaches. In this assessment, the primary focus is on analyzing position papers on the health outcomes of tobacco use in adults and adolescents. Moreover, this analysis will throw some light on supporting and contrary evidence while also highlighting the knowledge gaps, missing information, and areas of uncertainty.

Position on Health Outcomes for Tobacco Use in Adults and Adolescents

Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death in a population with long-term use of these products. Tobacco use can be in the form of smoking, vaping, hookah, and e-cigarettes. The most common among these products is smoking cigarettes with tobacco. Smoking cigarette with tobacco causes lung cancer in the majority of the population as it damages the lungs and their physiology (Bade & Dela Cruz, 2020). Moreover, tobacco use has been a leading cause of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and hypertension as tobacco damages the blood vessels and creates blood clots. Various individuals are exposed to secondhand smoke from active tobacco users which also causes respiratory problems such as emphysema in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and various cardiovascular diseases (Kondo et al., 2019). For this purpose, our position advocates the need for the implementation of tobacco cessation plans for education and guidance to adults along with the integration of tobacco prevention programs in school and college curricula to prevent tobacco use in adolescents. This position is based on a few assumptions such as the availability of tobacco cessation programs as community resources with the presence of specialists dealing with this particular issue with their expertise. Another assumption on which this position is based includes the prevention of tobacco use by stressing early initiation prohibition through school curricula consisting of strict policies for adolescents.

Role of Inter-professional Team in Reducing Tobacco Use in Adults and Adolescents

 In order to reduce the rate of tobacco use in adults and adolescents, the inter-professional team’s participation is required so that an individualized and patient-centered approach benefits the tobacco users. Furthermore, various inter-professional team members perform valuable duties that help tobacco users overcome their addiction and reduce the use of these products. The inter-professional team also participates in assessing the use of tobacco in patients by nicotine screening through questionnaires and finding co-existing diseases that may be impacted by tobacco cessation plans. Moreover, active collaboration of inter-professional team members also ensures patient-centered care treatment as they together provide educational services, counseling sessions, and psychological support to manage stress and cravings (Fortin et al., 2021). 

NURS FPX 6026 Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

The inter-professional team is capable of providing tobacco users with community resources that help them engage with relevant community members boosting their confidence in their journey of tobacco cessation. For example, nurses while providing education to tobacco users on the harms of tobacco can engage them with community resources and support groups to build a network of support for patients using tobacco. Furthermore, inter-professional teams can create medication therapy plans collaboratively with appropriate dosages and frequency that provide patients with efficacious therapy with improved safety (Schwindt et al., 2018).  Some of the potential challenges that can take place when inter-professional team members collaboratively work together or in facilitating improvement in reducing tobacco use include communication barriers, time constraints, and differences in perspectives and approaches. Because of different communication styles, it might get enigmatic for the inter-professional team to comprehend certain terminologies (Manspeaker & Hankemeier, 2019). Furthermore, the inter-professional team may confront time constraints due to hectic work routines and commitments making it difficult for them to collaborate effectively. The inter-professional team may also come from different backgrounds and have varied perspectives that may make it difficult to be on the same point in decision-making.

Evaluation of Supporting Evidence and Identification of Knowledge Gaps

There are numerous evidence and well-research-based studies that support the team’s approach of tobacco cessation plans and inculcating preventive measures of tobacco use into adolescents through the school curriculum. Various tobacco cessation plans have been proposed in research and are effective in reducing the rate of tobacco use. Firstly, study on nicotine replacement therapy is suggested where vulnerable individuals are educated on nicotine addiction and its consequences followed by a recommendation of nicotine alternatives that can help reduce withdrawal symptoms during the cessation process. These alternatives include nicotine patches, gums, inhales, or lozenges that can reduce cravings for tobacco in affected people and promote tobacco cessation (Harini & Leelavathi, 2019). Another study by Kim et al. (2020) emphasizes the implementation of school-based tobacco control by introducing tobacco-free campaigns, lectures, consultations, and debates on tobacco. These educational guidelines alert adolescents to the harms of tobacco and describe the benefits of preventing tobacco use.

NURS FPX 6026 Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations

Furthermore, the study by Rath et al. (2019) promotes the idea presented by the team’s approach to controlling tobacco use by developing and implementing tobacco-free policies in college and any contravention of these policies will mandate the authorities to terminate. This will inculcate the fear of termination among students and promote tobacco control among adults.       Despite these promising evidence-based practices on the implementation of the team’s approach to reduce tobacco use in the population and improve quality outcomes, certain knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to improve the evaluation. For instance, the uncertainty on the long-term effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy in reducing tobacco cessation rates and continuous improvement limits the analysis of the evaluation of this team-based approach. Moreover, the uncertainty lies in the adherence behavior of young adults and adolescents complying with school-based tobacco control efforts. Additionally, the absence of standardized measures to evaluate the quality outcomes of tobacco cessation plans in the reduction of tobacco use is another missing piece of information.

Evaluation of Contrary Evidence and Response to Conflicting Data

There are some studies and criticisms that are contrary to our proposed viewpoint of a tobacco control approach through the implementation of tobacco cessation plans and the integration of tobacco control programs and policies in school and college curricula. Some critics postulate that tobacco control is a personal responsibility and schools should not be responsible for regulating students’ behavior on tobacco use. Moreover, critics hold the perspective that curriculum-based tobacco control may not be suitable for all individuals. Some critics emphasize parental responsibility regarding educating their children on tobacco use and its harms and negate the idea of curriculum-based tobacco control measures (Susanto et al., 2020).   
NURS FPX 6026 Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
Some critics and philosophers consider treating the underlying cause of behavioral changes that lead to the use of tobacco products such as mental health issues and stress. As the population with psychotic disorders and mental health, problems has the greater prevalence rates of utilizing tobacco products. Therefore, some critics deem it necessary to address the underlying mental health issues that promote tobacco use instead of focusing more on tobacco cessation plans (Druss, 2020). Moreover, it is crucial to impartially consider the conflicting data and varied perspectives to create improved buy-in efforts in reducing tobacco use and improving health outcomes. For this purpose, the diverse perspectives on tobacco use and interventions to reduce them must be respected. Moreover, creating an open environment that fosters healthy communication to exchange perspectives and interventions and debating constructively will promote problem-solving and shared-decision making.

Conclusion

Consequently, tobacco use is an emerging health issue in the population that adversely affects health outcomes by causing various diseases as mentioned in the position summary. Also, addiction to tobacco leads to long-term diseases like heart diseases and lung diseases. Therefore, the team’s position on this matter lies in the implementation of tobacco cessation plans and integration of curriculum-based tobacco control in schools and colleges. Further studies have shown evidence-based research that supports the team’s approach to improving outcomes of reducing tobacco products. Despite these studies, several critics have contrary viewpoints to the team’s approach such as tobacco control; personal responsibility, and implementing strategies to reduce the underlying causes of diseases or health issues that promote tobacco use. 
References
Bade, B. C., & Dela Cruz, C. S. (2020). Lung cancer 2020. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 41(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001 Druss, B. G. (2020). Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in populations with serious mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0894 Fortin, M., Stewart, M., Ngangue, P., Almirall, J., Bélanger, M., Brown, J. B., Couture, M., Gallagher, F., Katz, A., Loignon, C., Ryan, B. L., Sampalli, T., Wong, S. T., & Zwarenstein, M. (2021). Scaling up patient-centered interdisciplinary care for multimorbidity: A pragmatic mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 19(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2650   Kim, S. Y., Jang, M., Yoo, S., JeKarl, J., Chung, J. Y., & Cho, S. (2020). School-Based tobacco control and smoking in adolescents: Evidence from multilevel analyses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103422  Kondo, T., Nakano, Y., Adachi, S., & Murohara, T. (2019). Effects of tobacco smoking on cardiovascular disease. Circulation Journal, 83(10), 1980–1985. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj-19-0323 
NURS FPX 6026 Assessment 1 Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
Manspeaker, S. A., & Hankemeier, D. A. (2019). Challenges to and resources for participation in inter-professional collaborative practice: Perceptions of collegiate athletic trainers. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(1), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-507-17  Rath, J. M., Pitzer, L., Carnegie, B., Shinaba, M., Vallone, D., Parks, I., Tertzakian, K., Smith, D., Stewart-Reid, C., & Hair, E. C. (2019). Building capacity to implement tobacco-free policies in college and university settings with underserved populations. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 5, 14. https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/105677 Schwindt, R., McNelis, A. M., Agley, J., Hudmon, K. S., Lay, K., & Wilgenbusch, B. (2018). Training future clinicians: An interprofessional approach to treating tobacco use and dependence. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 33(2), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2018.1534808   Susanto, A., Hartono, H., Dwi, I., Nurhaeni, A., & Kartono, D. (2020). The role of parents to prevent early adolescents smoking behavior: A qualitative study on adolescents in Tegal city, Indonesia correspondence. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 71–75. https://www.sysrevpharm.org/articles/the-role-of-parents-to-prevent-early-adolescents-smoking-behavior-a-qualitative-study-on-adolescents-in-tegal-city-indon.pdf 

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